Corrosion inhibition



United States Patent 3,265,512 Patented August 9, 1966 ice 14 Claims. (Cl. 10614) This application is a division of our application Ser. No. 47,386, filed August 4, 1960, now US. Patent No. 3,200,106, granted on August 10, 1965.

This invention relates to branched polyalkylene polyamines and to derivatives thereof. More particularly, this invention relates to said branched polyamines and to branched polyamine derivatives containing various groups, such as the oxyalkylated, acylated, alkylated, carbonylated, olefinated, etc., derivatives thereof, prepared by introducing such groups individually, alternately, in combination, etc., including for example, derivatives prepared by varying the order of adding such groups, by increasing the number and order of adding such groups, and the like.

This invention also relates to methods of using these products, which have an unexpectedly broad spectrum of uses, for example, as demulsifiers for water-in-oi-l emulsions; as demulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions; as corrosion inhibitors; as fuel oil additives for gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and the like; as lubricating oil additives; as scale preventatives; as chelating agents or to form chelates which are themselves useful, for example, as antioxidants, gasoline stabilizers, fungicides, etc.; as flotation agents, for example, as flotation collection agents; as asphalt additives or anti-stripping agents for asphaltmineral aggregate compositions; as additives for compositions useful in acidizing calcareous stratas of oil wells; as additives for treating water used in the secondary recovery of oil and in disposal wells; as additives used in treating oil-well strata in primary oil recovery to enhance the flow of oil; as emulsifiers for both oil-inwater and water-in-oil emulsions; as additives for slushing oils; as additives for cutting oils; as additives for oil to prevent emulsification during transport; as additives for drilling muds; as agents useful in removing mud sheaths from newly drilled wells; as dehazing or foginhibiting" agents for fuels; as additives for preparing sand or mineral slurries useful in treating oil wells to enhance the recovery of oil; as agents for producing polymeric emulsions useful in preparing water-vapor impermeable paper board; as agents in parafiin solvents; as agents in preparing thickened silica aerogel lubricants; as gasoline additives to remove copper therefrom; as deicing and antistalling agents for gasoline; as antiseptic, preservative, bactericidal, bacteriostatic, germicidal, fungicidal agents; as agents for the textile industry, for example, as meroerizing assistants, as wetting agents, as rewetting agents, as dispersing agents, as detergents, as penetrating agents, as softening agents, as dyeing assistants, as anti-static agents, and the like; as additives for rubber latices; as entraining agents for concrete and cements; as anti-static agents for rugs, floors, upholstery, plastic and Wax polishes, textiles, etc.; as detergents useful in metal cleaners, in floor oils, in dry cleaning, in general cleaning, and the like; as agents useful in leather processes such as in fiat liquoring, pickling, acid degreasing, dye fixing, and the like; as agents in metal pickling; as additives in paints for improved adhesion of primers, in preventing water-spotting in lacquer; as antiskinners for pigment flushing, grinding and dispersing, as antifeathering agents in ink; as agents in the preparation of wood pulp and pulp slurries, as emulsifiers for insecticidal compositions and agricultural sprays such as DDT, 24D (Toxaphene), chlordane, nicotine sulfate, hexachloracyclohexane, and the like; as agents useful in building materials, for example, in the water repellent treatment of plaster, concrete, cement, roofing materials, floor sealers; as additives in bonding agents for various insulating building materials; and the like.

THE BRANCHED POLYAMINE The branched polyamines employed herein are polyalkylene polyamines wherein the branched group is a side chain containing on the average at least one nitrogen-bonded aminoalkylene i.e.

group per nine amino units present on the main chain, for example, 1-4 of such branched chains per nine units on the main chain, but preferably one side chain unit per nine main chain units. Thus, these polyamines contain at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group.

These reagents may be expressed by the formula:

wherein R is an alkylene group such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and other homologues (both straight chained and branched), etc., but preferably ethylene; and x, y and z are integers, x being for example, from 4 to 24 or more but preferably 6 to 18, y being for example 1 to 6 or more but preferably 1 to 3, and z being for example 0-6 but preferably 0-1. The x and y units may be sequential, alternative, orderly or randomly distributed.

The preferred class of polyamines includes those of the where n is an integer, for example, 1-20 or more but preferably 1-3, wherein R is preferably ethylene, but may be propylene, butylene, etc. (straight chained or branched).

The preferred embodiments are presented by the following formula:

The radicals in the brackets may be joined in a head- 1-2 hours or longer, one can in many cases recover a to-head or a head-to-tail fashion. Compounds described second mole of water for each mole of carboxylic acid by this formula wherein n=l-3 are manufactured and group employed, the first mole of water being evolved dursold as Polyamines N-400, N-800, N-1200 etc. Polying amidification. The product formed in such cases conamine N400 has the above formula wherein n=l. 5 tains a cyclic amidine ring, such as an imirlazoline or These compounds may be prepared by a wide variety a tetrahydropyrimidine ring. Infrared analysis is a conof methods. One method comprises the reaction of ethvenient method of determining the presence of these anolamine and ammonia under pressure over a fixed bed groups. of a metal hydrogenation catalyst. By controlling the Water is formed as a by-product of the reaction beconditions of this reaction one may obtain varying tween the acylating agent and the branched polyamine amounts of piperazine and polyamines as well as the reactant. In order to facilitate the removal of this water, branched chain polyalkylene polyamine useful in this into effect a more complete reaction in accordance with vention. This process is described in Australian applicathe principle of Le Chatelier, a hydrocarbon solvent which tion No. 42,189, now Australian Patent No. 233,766, forms an azeotropic mixture with water can be added and in the German Patent No. 14,480 (March 17, 1958) 5 to the reaction mixture. Heating is continued with the reported in Chem. Abstracts, August 10, 1949, 14,129. liquid reaction mixture at the preferred reaction tem- These branched polyamines can also be prepared by perature, until the removal of water by azeotropic distilthe following reactions: lation has substantially ceased. In general, any hydro- H H S0261 H Ti 'Irlethylcne tetrarnlne NCH:CIIz-NCII:CIIz-N N--CH2CII7NC H CHr-N I l I i followed by hydrolysis O=C CH: C=0 O=C CHI C=O l l g l i R ([311: (IJHZ R OH 01 H: CH2 H] CH2 l lHz NH:

Variations on the above procedure can produce other carbon solvent which forms an azeotropic mixture with branched polyamines. 40 water can be used. It is preferred, however, to use an The branched nature of the polyamine imparts unusual aromatic hydrocarbon solvent of the benzene series. Nonproperties to the polyamine and its derivatives. limiting examples of the preferred solvent are benzene, For the sake of brevity and to simplify presentation, toluene, and xylene. The amount of solvent used is a the invention will be described by the selection of one variable and non-critical factor. It is dependent on the branched polyamine to illustrate the reactions and uses size of the reaction vessel and the reaction temperature thereof (i.e. N-400). However, it is to be understood selected. Accordingly, asuflicient amount of solvent must that such presentation is purely for illustration and the be used to support the azeotropic distillation, but a large invention sh ld not b hunted theret excess must be avoided since the reaction temperature ACYLATION will be lowered thereby. Water produced by the reaction can also be removed by operating under reduced pressure. A wide variety of acylating agents can be employed. When operating with a reaction vessel equipped with a Acylation is carried out under dehydrating condition, i.e., reflux condenser provided with a water takeoff trap, water is removed. Any of the well-known methods of sufficient reduced pressure can be achieved by applying acylation can be employed. For example, heat alone, a slight vacuum to the upper end of the condenser. The heat and reduced pressure, heat in combination with an pressure inside the system is usually reduced to between azeotroping agent, etc., are all satisfactory. about 50 and about 300 millimeters. If desired, the water The temperature at which the reaction between the can be removed also by distillation, while operating under acylating agent and the branched polyalkylenepolyamine relatively high temperature conditions. is effected is not too critical a factor. Since the reactions The time of reaction between the acylating agent and involved appear to be an amideformation reaction and the branched polyamine reactant is dependent on the a condensation reaction, the general temperature condiweight of the charge, the reaction temperature selected, tions for such reactions, which are well known to those and the means employed for removing the water from skilled in the art, are applicable. the reaction mixture. In practice, the reaction is con- Acylation is conducted at a temperature sufiiciently tinued until the formation of water has substantially high to eliminate Water and below the pyrolytic point ceased. In general, the time of reaction will vary between of the reactants and the reaction products. In general, about 4 hours and about ten hours. the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 120 Although a wide variety of carboxylic acids produce to 280 C., but preferably at 140 to 200 C. excellent products, carboxylic acids having more than 6 The product formed on acylation will vary with the carbon atoms and less than 40 carbon atoms but preferparticular conditions employed. First the salt, then ably 8-30 carbon atoms give most advantageous products. the amide is formed. If, however, after forming the The most common examples include the detergent formamide at atemperature between 140-250 C., but usually ing acids, i.e., those acids which combine with alkalies not above 200 C., one heats such products at a higher to produce soap or soap-like bodies. The detergentrange, approximately 250280 C., or higher, possibly up forming acids, in turn, include naturally-occurring fatty to 300 C. for a suitable period of time, for example, acids, resin acids, such as abietic acid, naturally occurring petroleum acids, such as naphthenic acids, and carboxy acids, produced by the oxidation of petroleum. As will be subsequently indicated, there are other acids which have somewhat similar characteristics and are derived from somewhat different sources and are different in structure, but can be included in the broad generic term previously indicated.

Suitable acids include straight chain and branched chain, saturated and unsaturated, aliphatic, alicyclic, fatty, aromatic, hydroaromatic, and aralkyl acids, etc.

Examples of saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are acetic, proprionic, butyric, valeric, caproic, heptanoic, caprylic, nonanoic, cap-ric, undecanoic, lauric, tridecanoic, myriatic, pentaclecanoic, palmitic, heptadecanoic, stearic, nonadecanoic, eicosanoic, heneicosanoic, docosanoic, tricosanoic, tetracosanoic, pentac-osanoic, cerotic, heptacosanoic, montanic, nonacosanoic, melissic and the like.

Examples of ethyienic unsaturated aliphatic acids are acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, anglic, teglic, the pentenoic acids, the hexenoic acids, for example, hydrosorbic acid, the heptenoic acids, the octenoic acids, the nonenoic acids, the decenoic acids, for example, obtusilic acid, the undecenoic acids, the dodeoenoic acids, for example, lauroleic, linderic, etc., the tridecenoic acids, the tetradecenoic acids, for example, myristoleic acid, the pentadecenoic acids, the hexadecenoic acids, for example, palmitoleic acid, the heptadecenoic acids, the octodecenoic acids, for example, petrosilenic acid, oleic acid, elardic acid, the nonadecenoic acids, for example, the eicosenoic acids, the docosenoic acids, for example, erucic acid, brassidic acid, cetoleic acid, the tetradosenic acids, and the like.

Examples of dienoic acids are the pentadienoic acids, the hexadienoic acids, for example, sorbic acid, the octadienoic acids, for example, linoleic, and the like.

Examples of the trienoic acids are the octadecatrienoic acids, for example, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, pseud0- eleostearic acid, and the like.

Carboxy lic acids containing functional groups such as hydroxy groups can be employed. Hydroxy acids, particularly the alpha hydroxy acids include glycolic acid, lactic acid, the hydroxyvaleric acids, the hydroxy caproic acids, the hydroxyheptanoic acids, the hydroxy caprylic acids, the hydroxynonanoic acids, the hydroxycapric acids, the hydroxydecanoic acids, the hydroxy lauric acids, the hydroxy tridecanoic acids, the hydroxymyristic acids, the hydroxypentadecanoic acids, the hydroxypalmitic acids, the hydroxyhexadecanoic acids, the hydroxyheptadecanoic acids, the hydroxy stearic acids, the hydr-oxyoctadecenoic acids, for example, ricinoleic acid, ricinelardic acid, hydroxyoctadecynoic acids, for example, ricinstearolic acid, the hydroxyeicosanoic acids, for example, hydroxyarachidic acid, the hydroxydocosanoic acids, for example, hydroxybehenic acid, and the like.

Examples of acetylated hydroxyacids are ricinoleyl lactic acid, acetyl ricinoleic acid, chloroacetyl ricinoleic acid, and the like.

Examples of the cyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids are those found in petroleum called naphthenic acids, hydrocarbic and chaumoogric acids, cyclopentane carboxylic acids, cyclohexanecar-boxylic acid, campholic acid, fenchlolic acids, and the like.

Examples of aromatic monocarboxylic acids are benzoic acid, substituted benzoic acids, for example, the toluie acids, the xyleneic acids, alkoxy benzoic acid, phenyl benzoic acid, naphthalene carboxylic acid, and the like.

Mixed higher fatty acids derived from animal or vegeta'ble sources, for example, lard, cocoanut oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, olive oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, sardine oil, tallow, soyabean oil, peanut oil, castor oil, seal oils, whale oil, shark oil, and other fish oils, teaseed oil, partially or completely hydrogenated animal and vegetable oils are advantageously employed.

Fatty and similar acids include those derived from various waxes, such as beeswax, spermaceti, montan wax, Japan wax, coccerin and carnauba wax. Such acids include carnaubic acid, cerotic acid, lacceric acid, montanic acid, psyllastearic acid, etc. One may also employ higher molecular weight carboxylic acids derived by oxidation and other methods, such as from paraflin wax, petroleum and similar hydrocarbons; resinic and hydroaromatic acids, such as hexahydrobenzoic acid, hydrogenated naphthoic, hydrogenated carboxy diphenyl, naphthenic, and abietic acid; Twitchell fatty acids, carboxydiphenyl pyridine carboxylic acid, blown oils, blown oil fatty acids and the like.

Other suitable acids include phenylstearie acid, benzoylnonylic acid, cetyloxybutyric acid, cetyloxyacetic acid, chlorstearic acid, etc.

Examples of the polycarboxylic acids are those of the aliphatic series, for example, oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic, nonanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acids, undecanedicarboxylic acids, and the like.

Examples of unsaturated aliphatic polycarboxylic acids are fumaric, maleic, mesocenic, citraconic, glutonic, itaconic, muconic, aconitic acids, and the like.

Examples of aromatic polycarboxylic acids are phthalic, isophthalic acids, terephthalic acids, substituted derivatives thereof (eg. alkyl, chloro, alkoxy, etc., derivatives), biphenyldicarboxylic acid, diphenylether dicarboxylic acids, diphenylsulfone dicarboxylic acids and the like.

Higher aromatic polycarboxylic acids containing more than two carboxylic groups are himimellitic, trimellitic, trimesic, mellophanic, prehnitic, pyromellitic acids, mellitic acid, and the like.

Other polycarboxylic acids are the dimeric, trimeric, and polymeric acids, for example, dilinoleic, trilinoleic, and other polyacids sold by Emery Industries, and the like. Other polycarboxylic acids include those containing ether groups, for example, diglycolic acid. Mixtures of the above acids can be advantageously employed.

In addition, acid precursors such as acid anhydrides, esters, acid halides, glycerides, etc., can be employed in place of the free acid.

Examples of acid anhydrides are the alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides.

Any alkenyl succinic acid anhydride or the corresponding acid is utilizable for the production of the reaction products of the present invention. The general structural formulae of these compounds are:

Anhydrlde R-CII-C CIIa-O wherein R is an alkenyl radical. The alkenyl radical can be straight-chain or branched-chain; and it can be saturated at the point of unsaturation by the addition of a substance which adds to olefinic double bonds, such as hydrogen, sulfur, bromine, chlorine, or iodine. It is obvious, of course, that there must be at least two carbon atoms in the alkenyl radical, but there is no real upper limit to the number of carbon atoms therein. However, it is preferred to use an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant having between about 8 and about 18 carbon atoms per alkenyl radical. Although their use is less desirable, the alkenyl succinic acids also react, in accordance with this invention, to produce satisfactory reaction products. It has been found, however, that their use necessitates the removal of water formed during the reaction and also often causes undesirable side reactions to occur to some extent. Nevertheless, the alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides and the alkenyl succinic acids are interchangeable for the purposes of the present invention. Accordingly, when the term alkenyl succinic acid anhydride, is used herein, it must be clearly understood that it embraces the alkenyl succinic acids as well as their anhydrides, and the derivatives thereof in which the olefinic double bond has been saturated as set forth hereinbefore. Non-limiting examples of the alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant are ethenyl succinic acid anhydrides; ethenyl succinic acid; ethyl succinic acid anhydride; propenyl succinic acid anhydride; sulfurized propeny-l succinic acid anhydride; butenyl succinic acid; Z-methylbutenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-dichloropentyl succinic acid anhydride; hexenyl succinic acid anhydride; hexyl succinic acid; sulfurized 3-methylpentenyl succinic acid anhydride; 2,3-dimethylbutenyl succinic acid anhydride; 3,3-dimethylbutenyl succinic acid; 1,2-dibromo-2-ethylbutyl succinic acid; heptenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-diiodooctyl succinic acid; octenyl succinic acid anhydride; Z-methyl-heptenyl succinic acid anhydride; 4-ethylhexenyl succinic acid; 2-isopropylpentenyl succinic acid anhydride; nonenyl succinic acid anhydride; 2-propylhexenyl succinic acid anhydride; decenyl succinic acid; decenyl succinic acid anhydride; 5-methyl-2-is-opropylhexenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-dibromo-2-ethyloctenyl succinic acid anhydride; decyl succinic acid anhydride; undecenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-dichloroundecyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-dichloro-undecyl succinic acid; 3-ethyl-2-t-butylpentenyl succinic acid anhydride; dodecenyl succinic acid anhydride; dodecenyl succinic acid; 2-propylnonenyl succinic acid anhydride; 3-butylocteny1 succinic acid anhydride; tridecenyl succinic acid anhydride; tetradecenyl succinic acid anhydride; hexadecenyl succinic acid anhydride; sulfurized octadecenyl succinic acid; octadecyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,Z-dibromo-Z-methylpentadccenyl succinic acid anhydride; 8-propylpentadecyl succinic acid anhydride; eicosenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-dichloro-2-methylnonadecenyl succinic acid anhydride; 2-octyldodecenyl succinic acid; 1,2-diiodotetracosenyl succinic acid anhydride; hexacosenyl succinic acid; hexacosenyl succinic acid anhydride; and hentriacontenyl succinic acid anhydridc.

The methods of preparing the alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides are well known to those familiar with the art. The most feasible method is by the reaction of an olefin with maleic acid anhydride. Since relatively pure olefins are difficult to obtain, and when thus obtainable, are often too expensive for commercial use, alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides are usually prepared as mixtures by reacting mixtures of olefins with maleic acid anhydride. Such mixtures, as well as relatively pure anhydrides, are utilizable herein.

In summary, without any intent of limiting the scope of the invention, acylation includes amidification, the formation of the cyclic amidine ring, the formation of acid imides such as might occur when anhydrides such as the alkenylsuccinic acids are reacted, i.e.,

GHz-C wherein P branched polyamine residue, polymers as might occur when a dicarboxylic acid is reacted intermolecularly with the branched polyamine, cyclization as might occur when a dicarboxylic acid reacts intramolecularly with the polyamine as contrasted to intermolecular reactions, etc. The reaction products may contain other substances. Accordingly, these reaction products are most accurately defined by a definition comprising a recitation of the process by which they are produced, i.e., by acylation.

The moles of acylating agent reacted with the branched polyamine will depend on the number of acylation reactive positions contained therein as well as the number of moles of acylating agent one wishes to incorporate into the molecule. We have advantageously reacted l to 10 moles of acylating agent per mole of Polyamine N-400, but preferably 1 to 6 moles. With Polyamine N-800 and N1200, twice and three times as many moles of acylating agent can be employed respectively, i.e. with Polyamine N800, l20 moles, preferably ll2; with N-l200, l30, but preferably ll8. Optimum acylation will depend on the particular application.

The following examples are illustrative of the preparation of the acylated branched polyamines.

The following general procedure is employed in acylating. The branched polyamine is mixed with the desired ratio of acid and a suitable azeotroping agent is added. Heat is then applied. After the removal of the calculated amount of water (1 to 2 equivalents per carboxylic acid group of the acid employed), heating is stopped and the azeotroping agent is evaporated under vacuum. The temperature during the reaction can vary from to 200 C. Where the formation of the cyclic amidine type structure is desired the maximum temperature is generally l80-250 C. and more than one mole of Water per carboxylic group is removed. The reaction times range from 4 to 24 hours. Here again, the true test of the degree of reaction is the amount of water removed.

Example 3-A In a 5 liter, 3 necked flask furnished with a stirring device, thermometer, phase separating trap, condenser and heating mantle, 1 mole (400 grams) of Polyamine N-400 is dissolved in an equal weight of xylene, i.e., 400 grams. 845 grams of oleic acid (3 moles) is added to the polyamine with stirring in about ten minutes. The reaction mixture is then heated gradually to about C. in half an hour and then held at about C. over a period of 3 hours until 54 grams (3 moles) of water is collected in the side of the tube. The solvent is then removed with gentle heating under reduced pressure of approximately 20 mm. The product is a dark, viscous, xylene-soluble liquid.

Example 3A The prior example is repeated except that the final reaction temperature is maintained at 240 C. and 90 grams (5 moles) of water are removed instead of 54 grams (3 moles). Infrared analysis of the product indicates the presence of a cyclic amidine ring.

The following examples of acylated branched polyamines are prepared in the manner of the above examples from Polyamine N-4OO by employing 400 grams of polyamine in each example. The products obtained are dark, viscous materials.

In the examples the symbol A identified the acylated branched polyamine. Thus, specifically l-A, represents acylated Polyamine N-400, which polyamine is ernployed in all the reactions of the following table.

TABLE I.ACYLATED PRODUCTS OF POLYAMINE N400 OXYALKYLATION These branched polyamines can be oxyalkylated in Ex Acid lg ff ig Remmed the conventional manner, for example, by means of an Polyamine alpha-beta alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide, pro- Grams N400 Moles Grams 5 pylene oxide, butylene oxide, octylene oxide, a higher alkylene oxide, styrene oxide, glycide, methylglycide, etc., 321 1%} gig or combinations thereof. Depending on the particular 7.1 0.2 1011 application desired, one may combine a large proportion 5:1 7.1 128 f 5,3 95 a y ene oxlde, partlcularly ethylene oxide, propylene 1:1 2.0 30 1O oxide, a combination or alternate additions or propylene oxide :1 1: 1 "a 1 1 6'0 108 an et y ene 0x1 e, or sma ier proportions thereo 2:1 2 1 1n relation to the branched polyamine. Thus, the molar h 54 ratio of alkylene oxide to branched polyamine can range 2:1 2.8 83 r within wide limits, for example, from a 1:1 mole ratio 5 58 to a ratio of lOOOzl, or higher, but preferably 1 to 200. 21 For example, in demulsification extremely high alkylene 5 1 oxide ratios are often advantageously employed such as .2 3:1 5.3 95 200-300 or more moles of alkylene oxide per mole of .s 211 3.0 54 b '6 m m ranched polyamlne. On the other hand, for certain ap- .2 3% i s 2% plications such as corrosion prevention and use as fuel han 74 oil additives, lower ratios of alkylene oxides are advans-m- .do 1,800 3:1 0.3 113 93M Axkenyl (on) SW 1,064 4:1 in m tageously employed, 1.e., 1/l0 moles of alkylene oxide cinic. per mole of branched polyamine. By proper control, degi nu Anh311rlde(266)- g3 4 25 sired hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties are imparted 10-21]: Kl l( enyl f|;) si1 d: 900 E 1 04 to the composition. As is well known, oxyalkylation recinic. 102M Anhydflde 62mm" 644 2:1 2'1 38 actlons are conducted under a wide variety of conditions, d 044 2:1 0.2 3.0 at low or high pressures, at low or high temperatures, 1n 32g g 33 the presence or absence of catalyst, solvent, etc. For 400 0.5:1 1.1 20 instance oxyalkylation reactions can be carried out at gfg 1:; 5g temperatures of from 80200 C., and pressures of from 300 3:1 3.1 56 10 to 200 p.s.i., and times of from 15 min. to several 3: a: a days. Preferably oxyalkylation reactions are carried out I? d 1%.2 2:1 1% at 80 to 120 C. and 10 to 30 p.s.i. For conditions of A o Mmemanhydflde 98 1:1 Q2 36 oxyalkylatlon reactions see Patent 2,792,369 and (98) other patents mentioned therein. 15:22:: 31111331331111111111: ZS" 3:22 3:? "11 Oxyalkylation iS Well known to require a full 16-A1..- NaiJhthBntcG-BO) 990 3:1 3 5 discussion. For purpose of brevity reference is made @napmecd to Parts 1 and 2 of U8. Patent No. 2,792,371, dated 17-21... Terephthalic(16fi).- 23g g 3 May 14, 1957, to Dickson in which particular attention EI ZII jjjjjggjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 830 6 m8 is directed to the various patents which describe typical oxyalkylation procedure. Furthermore, manufacturers of Chief substltuent. of olticlca oil is the glyceride of ltcanic acid: alkylene Q S I h eXICHSiVe information as to the use of modes. For example, see the techmcal bulletin entitled, Ethylene Oxide," which has been distributed C z(C a):(CH=CH)ICHa (-CHahCOOII by the Jefferson Chemical Company, Houston, Texas. Note also the extensive bibliography in this bulletin and The following table presents specific illust ti f the large number of patents which deal with oxyalkylation compounds other than N-400 and its derivatives. processes.

TABLE I-A.ACYLATED PRODUCTS Acid Mols of Acid Water Exarn- Branched Per Mols of Removed ple Polyamine Branched Name Grams Polysnnme Moles Grams 0101:: (232) 564 2:1 2. 2 39. 0 1o 282 1:1 1. 0 34. 2 Dimeric (600)- 1. 300 3:1 2. 0 52. 3 do 1,200 2:1 2.1 37.8 Alkenyl Succinic An- 532 2:1

hydride (266). 20-14,". do 266 L; L 21-11 Diglycolio (134) 134 1:1 1. 0 1s 22-A MaleicAnhyd1'ide(9S) 98 1:1 23-A Naphthenic (33) Sunap- 330 111 2.1 37.8

tic Acid B. 244-". Acetic (s0 00 1:1 1.1 10. 6 2541M Diphenolle (286) 286 1:1 1.1 10. a 20-0. steam (284) 568 2: 1 1.8 32. 4 20 11:. do 284 1:1 1.9 34.2 27-11-... Dimer-1c (000) 000 1:1 1. 1 19. 6 284.. Bennett: (122).... 122 1:1 0. 9 10. 2 29-11.... Terephthalic 166 1 :1 0. s 14. 4 30-A Diphenolie (286) 286 1:1 1. 0 18. 0 Lauri@(200) 200 1:1 1.2 21.6 32111 Oleie (282) 840 3:1 3. 1 55. a 32-11,. .do 504 2:1 1.9 34.2 32-A; .do. 282 1:1 1.0 18.0 33A--- Acetic (so) 240 4:1 4. 0 72. 0

The symbol employed to designate oxyalkylation is O." Specifically l-O" represents oxyalkylated Polyamine N-400.

In the following oxyalkylations the reaction vessel employed is a stainless steel autoclave equipped with the usual devices for heating and heat control, a stirrer, inlet and outlet means and the like which are conventional in this type of apparatus. The stirrer is operated at a speed of 250 r.p.m. The branched polyamine, Polyamine N- 400, dissolved in an equal weight of xylene is charged into the reactor. The autoclave is sealed, swept with nitrogen, stirring started immediately and heat applied. The temperature is allowed to rise to approximately 100 C. at which time the addition of the alkylene oxide is started and added continuously at such speed as it is absorbed by the reaction mixture. When the rate of oxyalkylation slows down appreciably, which generally occurs after about 15 moles of ethylene oxide are added or after about 10 moles of propylene oxide are added, the reaction vessel is opened and an oxyalkylation catalyst is added (in 2 weight percent of the total reactants present). The catalyst employed in the examples is sodium methylate. Thereupon the autoclave is flushed out as before and oxyalkylation completed. In the case of oxybutylation, oxyoctylation, oxystyrenation, and other oxyalkylations, etc., the catalyst is added at the beginning of the operation.

Example 1O Using the oxyalkylation apparatus and procedure stated above, the following compounds are prepared: 400 grams (1 mol) of Polyamine 400 are charged into a stainless steel autoclave, swept with nitrogen, stirring started, and autoclave sealed. The temperature is allowed to rise to approximately 100 C. and ethylene oxide is injected continuously until 220 grams mols) total had been added over a one-half hour period. This reaction is exothermic and requires cooling to avoid a rise in temperature. The reaction mass is transferred to a suitable container. Upon cooling to room temperature, the reaction mass is a dark extremely viscous liquid.

Example 1-0 The same procedure as Example 1-O is used exactly except that 396 grams of ethylene oxide (9 mols) is added to 400 grams (1 mol) of Polyamine N-400. This reaction material is a dark viscous liquid at room temperature.

Example 1O The same procedure as Example 1O is used and 396 grams of ethylene oxide (9 mols) are added to 400 grams (1 mol) of Polyamine N-400. After this reaction is completed, the autoclave is opened and 20 grams of sodium methylate are added. The autoclave is then flushed again with nitrogen and an additional 572 grams (13 mols) of ethylene oxide is added at 100 C. This reac- 12 tion is highly exothermic. The reaction mass now contains 1 mol of N-400 and a total of 22 mols of reacted ethylene oxide.

Example IO A portion of the reaction mass of Example 1-0;; is transferred to another autoclave and an additional amount of EtO was added. The reaction mass now contains the ratio of 1 mol of N-400 to 40 mols of HO.

Example 1O The addition of ethylene oxide to Example l-O is con tinued until a molar ratio of 1 mol of N40O to mols of H0 is reached.

Example I-O The addition of ethylene oxide to Example lO is continued until a molar ratio of 1 mol of N400 to 83 mols of B0 is reached.

Example 1-0- The addition of ethylene oxide to the Example 1-0 is continued until a molar ratio of 1 mol of N-400 to mols of EtO is reached.

Example 2-O 400 grams of N-40O are charged into a conventional stainless steel autoclave. The temperature is raised to C., the autoclave is flushed with nitrogen and sealed. Then 290 grams of propylene oxide (S-mols) are added slowly at 120 C. A sample is taken at this point and labeled 2-O This sample contains 5 mols of P10 for each mol of N400. It is a dark very viscous liquid at room temperature.

Example 2-0 The addition of propylene oxide to 2O is continued as follows: The autoclave is opened and 35 grams of sodium methylate are added. The autoclave is again purged with nitrogen and sealed. Propylene oxide is added carefully until an additional 290 grams have been reacted. A sample is taken at this point and labeled 2-O This compound now contains 10 mols of propylene oxide for each mol of N-400.

Example 2-0;;

The oxypropylation of 2-0 is continued until an additional 638 grams of propylene oxide are reacted. A sample is taken at this point and labeled 2O 2-O contains 21 mols of propylene oxide for each mol of N-400. At room temperature the product is a dark thick liquid.

This oxyalkylation is continued to produce examples 2O 2-O 2-O 2O A summary of oxyalkylated products produced from N-400 is presented in the following Table II.

The Roman numerals, (I), (II), and (III) besides the moles of oxide added indicate the order of oxide addition (I) first, (II) second and (III) third, etc.

TABLE IL-OXYALKYLATED PRODUCTS [Moles of oxide/mole N-400] Physical properties Dark viscous liquid.

. Semi-solid.

Sol

TABLE II.--Continued Ex. EtO Wgt. PrO Wgt. B110 Wgt. Physical properties Moles (g.) Moles (g.) Moles (g.)

5 (I) 220 40 (II) 2, 320 Dark viscous liquid. 11 (I) 484 63 (II) 3, 654 Do. 17 (I) 748 88 (II) 3. 872 Do. 53 (I) 2, 332 19 (II) 1,102 semisolid. 98 (I) 4, 312 95 (II) 4, 510 Dark thick liquid. 8 (II) 352 19 (I) 1,102 Do. 22 (II) 968 39 (I) 2, 262 Do. 18 (II) 792 96 (I) 5, 563 Do. 95 (II) 4, 080 105 (I) 6,090 Do. 55 (II) 2, 420 5 (I) 290 Solld. 6-01. 5 (III) 220 18 (II) 1,044 Dark viscous liquid. 6O 5 (II) 220 5 (III) 290 (I Do. 6-Ol. 9 (I) 396 23 (III) 1,334 (I Do. 6-0;. 19 (III; 836 19 (II) 1, 102 (I Do. 6-0;- 45 (III 1,980 75 4,350 (I Do. 701 Octylene oxide 5 moles, 635 g. Do. 7-01- Octyiene oxide 8 moles, 1,016 g. D0. 80| Styrene oxide 4 moles, 480 g. Do. 8O) Styrene oxide 7 moles, 840 g. Do. 9-01- Epoxide 201 1 mole, 280 g. Solid TABLE IIA.-OXYALKYLATED PROD UCTS Mols t Oxide Per Mol Branched of Branched Polyamine Polyamine Example Physical Properties E120 PrO BuO Dark viscous liq (1.

Do: Dark viscous liquid.

Styrene Oxide, 10 mols Epoxide 201, 2 mols Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. D0. Do. D0. 80 D0. 1 Do. 10 (ll) Do. (I) D0. 1130. 15 II 0. Do. Do. 12 (II Do. 5 (III D0. 80 (III) Do. 120 (I) Do. 1 (II) Do. 4 (I) I Do. Styrene Oxide, 5 mols Solid. 26Oa N1200 Octylene Oxide, 10 mols Do.

ACYLATION THEN OXYALKYLATION Prior acylated branched polyamines can be oxyalkylated in the above manner by starting with the acylaled branched polyamine instead of the unreacted amine. Non-limiting examples are presented in the following tables. The symbol employed to designate an acylated, oxyalkylated branched polyamine is A0. Specifically 1-A O represents acylated, then oxyalkylated polyamine N-400.

Example 3A O For this example an autoclave equipped to handle alkylenc oxides is necessary. 1156 grams (1 mole) of 3A (N400+3 moles Oieic Acid minus three moles H O) are charged into the autoclave. Following a nitrogen purge and the addition of 120 grams of sodium methyiate, the temperature is raised to 135 C. and 5683 grams of EtO (98 mols) are added. At the completion of this reaction, 2024 grams of PrO (46 moles) are added and the reaction allowed to go to completion. The resulting polymer is a dark viscous fluid soluble in an aromatic solvent.

Example 5A O For this example a conventional autoclave equipped to handle aikylene oxides is necessary. 946 grams of 5-A (N400+3 moles lauric acid minus 3 moles H 0) are charged into the autoclave. The charge is catalyzed with 100 grams of sodium methylate, purged with nitrogen and heated to 150 C. 480 grams (4 moles) of styrene oxide are added and reacted for 24 hours with agitation. The resulting product is a dark extremely viscous fluid.

Example 7A O For this example a conventional autoclave equipped 1314 grams of 7-A (N-400+4 moles palmitic acid minus 6.2 moles H O) are charged into the autoclave. Following the ad dition of grams of sodium methylate and a nitrogen purge, the mass is heated to C. 660 grams of EtO (15 moles) are added and the reaction proceeded to completion. Then 1440 grams of BuO (20 mols) are added and again the reaction proceeded to completion. The resulting polymer is a dark viscous fluid soluble in an aromatic solvent.

3,2e5,5 12 16 These reactions are summarized in the following table:

TAB LE III.AC YLATED, OXYALKYLATED N400 [Moles of oxide/mole of reactant] The following table presents specific illustration of Example 2-O A compounds other than N-400 and its derivatives. one mole of (2894 grams) is mixed with one mole of palmitic acid (256 grams) at room temperature.

TABLE II -A.ACYL E OXYALKYLATED BRANCEED Vacuum is applied and the temperature is raised slowly POLYAMINES until one mole of water (18 grams) is removed. This M015 or on de Per M010! product is a dark viscous liquid.

R t 1: Example me an Physical Properties Example 6"O5A EEO no mo One mole of 6-0 (7450 grams) is mixed with 500 grams of xylene and heated to 100 C. One mole of dilsflhoz 5 Dark. viscous (1mm glycolic acid (134 grams) is added slowly to prevent exg lg, 10 n so (I) g cessive foaming. The temperature is raised to 140-150 j f: gm- 40 (n) j C. and held until one mole of water has evolved. This 3185... 3 S y oxide. 4 no product is the diglycolic acid fractional ester of 6-0 A t::: 1555* 1 white precipitate forms during this reaction which can 254101-- Octy oxide. fimols be removed by filtration. Analysis shows the precipitate 56 3 B3; to he sodium acid diglycollate, a reaction product of the (In) catalyst and diglycolic acid. The filtered product is a dark viscous liquid at room temperature. 3

Table IV contains examples which further illustrate 'ff(ff '5(fff 26(1) the invention. The symbol employed to designate oxy- 31% 0 g alkylated, acylated products is 0A. 314m; 11:11:: Do: TABLE IV.OXYALKYLATED, THEN ACYLATED 31-A O E or lde 201, 1 mol D0. as-aioi si s oxide, 10 mole D0. BRANCHED POLYAMINE N400 Acylatlng agent Water removed Ph 1 1 ca OXYALKYLATION THEN ACYLATION Ex. M] f w t t progertles The prior oxyallrylated branched poly-amines can be Name 9 3 3 id; Moles w g acylated with any of the acylation agents herein disclosed agent (in contrast to acylation prior to oxyalkylation). Since these reactants also have hydroxy group acylation, in ad- 60 Acetic 3 180 3 54 a id dition to reactionfiwith the amino groups noted above, 1. g leic 232 g 18 q 1%; also includes esteri cation. 3 ear! 568 35 W116- The method of acylation in this instance is similar Lame 1 200 1 1B i l to that carried out with the polyamine itself, i.e., dehyz y l -u- 2 457 2 36 Do. dration wherein the removal of water is a test of the 2181i: a 232" i Q2 3? completion f h reaction 4 OsA Rielnoleic.-. 1 298.5 1 18 Dark 1d qu 5-0 A Ahietic acid- 1 302.4 1 18 Dark 116 Example I-OIA 5-01... Tall oil--. 1 17s 1 18 Dark so One mole f 1 o 620 grams) is mixed with three 1 28M 1 18 5%?- moles of acetic acid (180 grams) and 400 ml. of xylene fig; %g Do. at room temperature. The temperature is raised slowly 132113 to 120-l30 C. and refluxed gently for one hour. The a 3 g g temperature is then raised to l50l60 C. and heated liquid until 3 moles of water and all of the xylene are stripped 1 284 1 18 sandoil. The dark product is water-soluble.

The following table presents specific illustration of compounds other than N-400 and its derivatives.

TABLE IV-A.-OXYALKYLATED, THEN ACYLAIED BRANCHED IOLYAMINE Water Re- Mols of moved Physical Example Name Acylating Wt. in Propor- Agent, Grams Lies Mots Wt. in

Grams Ill- A..- Stearic 1 284 1 18 Solid ll-OrA-.- Laurie 2 400 2 36 Viscous liquid 11-OsA.-. Diglycolic 1 134 i 18 Dark liquid 12O|A Maleic an- 1 98 Viscous hydride liquid 13O1A 0leic 2 564 1 18 Do. l4O1A-. Linole 1 280.4 1 18 D0. 15-O1A... 'Ialloil 1 175 1 18 Do. 16-OaA-.. Abieticaeid. 1 302 1 18 Solid. 17OA Ricinoleic... 1 298 1 1S Viscous liquid. Olcio 2 564 2 36 Do.

1 256 1 18 Solid. 2 457 2 36 Do. 1 200 1 18 Do. 2 568 2 36 Do. 1 282 1 18 Viscous liquid. 1 60 1 18 Do. Diphenolic 1 286 1 18 Do. O|A Terephl 166 1 18 Solid.

thalic. 25-O4A Naphthenic, 2 330 2 3G Viscous liquid. 25-O5A.-. do 1 330 1.9 34 Do. 26-01A.-. Benzoic 1 122 1 18 D0. 2t30zA Laurie 1 200 1.8 32 D0.

HEAT TREATMENT OF OXYALKYLATED PRODUCTS The oxyalkylated products described herein, for example, those shown in Table II relating to oxyalkylated branched polyamines and those in Table III relating to oxyalkylated, prior acylated, branched polyamines can be heat treated to form useful compositions.

In general, the heat treatment is carried out at 200- 250 C. Under dehydrating conditions, where reduced pressure and a fast How of nitrogen is used, lower temperatures can be employed, for example ISO-200 C.

Water is removed during the reaction, such as by means of a side trap. Nitrogen passing through the reaction mixture and/or reduced pressure can be used to facilitate water removal.

The exact compositions cannot be depicted by the usual chemical formulas for the reason that the structures are subject to a wide variation.

The heat treatment is believed to result in the polymerization of these compounds and is effected by heating same at elevated temperatures, generally in the neighborhood of 200-270 0., preferably in the presence of catalysts, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium ethylate, sodium glycerate, or catalysts of the kind commonly employed in the manufacture of superglycerinated fats, calcium chloride, iron and the like. The proportion of catalyst employed may vary from slightly less than 0.1%, in some instances, to over 1% in other instances.

Conditions must be such as to permit the removal of water formed during the process. At times the process can be conducted most readily by permitting part of the volatile constituents to distill, and subsequently subjecting the vapors to condensation. The condensed volatile distillate usually contains water formed by reaction. The water can be separated from such condensed distillate by any suitable means, for instance, distilling with xylene, so as to carry over the water, and ubsequently removing the xylene. The dried condensate is then returned to the reaction chamber for further use. In some instances, condensation can best be conducted in the presence of a high-boiling solvent, which is permitted to distill in such a manner as to remove the water of reaction. In any event, the speed of reaction and the character of the polymerized product depend not only upon the orginal reactants themselves, but also on the nature and amount of catalyst employed, on the temperature employed, the time of reaction, and the speed of water removal, i.e., the effectiveness with which the Water of reaction is removed from the combining mass. Polymerization can be effected without the use of catalysts in some instances, but such procedure is generally undesirable, due to the fact that the reaction takes a prolonged period of time, and usually a significantly higher temperature. The use of catalyst such as iron, etc. fosters the reaction.

The following examples are presented to illustrate heat treatment. The symbol used to designate a heat treated oxyalkylated polyamine is OH and an acylated, oxyalkylated product is AOH. In all examples 500 grams of starting material and a temperature of 225-250 C. are employed.

Example 1-O H A conventional glass resin vessel equipped with a stirrer and water trap is used. Five hundred grams of 1-0 are charged into the above resin vessel along with five grams of CaCl The temperature is raised to 225-250 C. and heated until grams of water (2.8 mols) are evolved. This process takes 7.5 hours of heating. The product is an extremely viscous material at room temperature. However, upon warming slightly this product dissolves easily in Water.

Example 2-0;,H

The process of the immediately previous example is repeated using 2O but substituting sodium methylate for calcium chloride. The product is a dark, viscous, water-soluble material.

Example 6-0 H The process of Example 1-O H is repeated using 6O but substituting powdered iron for calcium chloride.

TABLE V.-HEAT TREATED (1) OXYALKYLATED AND (2] ACYLA'IED, OXYALKYLATED PULYAMINE N400 Water Removed Ex. Catalyst, Time in 5 grams Hours Wgt. Moles 63 3. 5 8. 0 5t 3. 1 9. 3 4t) 2. 2 ll). 0 31 1. 7 7. 5 61 J. 4 8.0 33 1. 8 B. 8 63 3. 5 8. 0 3-A O1l 47 2. 6 8. 5

7-A O2H Na() 27 1. 5 7. 5 9A:O3H 5t] 2. 8 8. 0 l1-AiOiH. K H 54 J. 0 8. 5

All of the above products are dark, viscous liquids.

The following table presents specific illustration of compounds other than N-400 and its derivatives.

TABLE VA.-HEAT TREATED (l) OXYALKYLATED AND (2) ACYLATED. OXYALKYLATED BRANCHED POLYAMINE Example Catalyst Wt. of Water Mols of H20 Time in [5 grams) Removed Removed Hours ill-02H".-- 31 1.7 7.5 llOII-. til 3. 4 8.0 33 1. 8 ti. 8 (i3 3. 5 S. 47 2. (v 8. 27 1. 5 7. 5

5D '2. 8 8. O 54 3. (l 5 Z. 2 l0. (1 56 3. 1 9. 3 63 3. 5 8. [l 58 3. 2 7. 5 2i) 1. ti 8. 5 5i] 2. 8 7. 5 29 1. 6 8. 5 63 3. 5 8. 0 33 1. 8 6. 8 27 1. 5 7. 5 33-AiOiU--- 5t) 2. 8 B. 0

All of the above products are dark, viscous liquids.

ALKYLATION Alkylation relates to the reaction of the branched polyamine and derivatives thereof with alkylating agents.

Any hydrocarbon halide, e.g. alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aralkyl, etc., halide which contains at least one carbon atom and up to about thirty carbon atoms or more per molecule can be employed to alkylate the products of this invention. It is especially preferred to use alkyl halides having between about one to about eighteen carbon atoms per molecule. The halogen portion of the alkyl halide reactant molecule can be any halogen atom, i.e., chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine. In practice, the alkyl bromides and chlorides are used, due to their greater commercial availability. Non-limiting examples of the alkyl halide reactant are methyl chloride; ethyl chloride; propyl chloride; n-butyl chloride; sec-butyl iodide; t-butyl fluoride; n-amyl bromide; isoamyl chloride; n-hexyl bromide; n-hexyl iodide; heptyl fluoride; 2-ethylhexyl chloride; n-octyl bromide; decyl iodide; dodecyl bromide; 7-ethyl-2-methyl-undecyl iodide; tetrade-cyl bromide; hexadecyl bromide; hexadecyl fluoride; heptadecyl chloride; octadecyl bromide; docosyl chloride; tetracosyl iodide; hexacosyl bromide; octacosyl chloride; and triacontyl chloride. In addition, alkenyl halides can also be employed, for example, the alkenyl halides corresponding to the above examples. In addition, the halide may contain other elements besides carbon and hydrogen as, for example, where dichloroethylether is employed.

The alkyl halides can be chemically pure compounds or of commercial purity. Mixtures of alkyl halides, having carbon chain lengths falling within the range specified hereinbefore, can also be used. Examples of such mixtures are mono-chlorinated wax and mono-chlorinated kerosene. Complete instructions for the preparation of mono-chlorowax have been set forth in United States Patent 2,238,790.

Since the reaction between the alkyl halide reactant and the branched polyamine is a condensation reaction, or an alkylation reaction, characterized by the elimination of hydrogen halide, the general conditions for such reactions are applicable herein. It is preferable to carry out the reaction at temperatures of between about 100 and about 250 C., preferably between about 140 C. and about 200 C., in the presence of a basic material which is capable of reacting with the hydrogen halide to remove it. Such basic materials are, for example, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, pyridine, tertiary alkyl amines, alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and the like.

It is preferred to perform the reaction between the alkyl halide reactant and the branched polyamine reactant in a hydrocarbon solvent under reflux conditions. The aromatic hydrocarbon solvents of the benzene series are especially preferable. Non-limiting examples of the preferred solvent are benzene, toluene, and xylene. The amount of solvent used is a variable and non-critical factor. It is dependent on the size of the reaction vessel and on the reaction temperature selected. For example, it will be apparent that the amount of solvent used can be so great that the reaction temperature is lowered thereby.

The time of reaction between the alkyl halide reactant and the branched polyamine is dependent on the weight of the charge, the reaction temperature selected, and the means employed for removing the hydrogen halide from the reaction mixture. In practice, the reaction is continued until no more hydrogen halide is formed. In general, the time of reaction will vary widely such as between about four and about ten hours.

It can be postulated that the reaction between the alkyl halide reactant and the branched polyamine results in the formation of products where the alkyl group of the alkyl halide has replaced a hydrogen atom attached to a nitrogen atom. It is also conceivable that alkylation of an alkylene group of the branched polyamine can occur. However, the exact composition of any given reaction product cannot be predicted. For example, when two moles of butyl bromide are reacted with one mole of Polyamine N-400, a mixture of mono-, diand triand higher N-alkylated products can be produced. Likewise, the alkyl groups can be substituted on different nitrogen atoms in different molecules of the branched polyamine.

Thus, the term Alkylation as employed herein and in the claims includes alkenylation, cycloalkenylation, aralkylation, etc., and other hydrocarbonylation as Well as alkylation itself.

In general, the following examples are prepared by reacting the alkyl halide with the branched polyamine at the desired ratio in the presence of one equivalent of base for each equivalent HCl given off during the reaction. Water formed during the reaction is removed by distillation. Where the presence of the anions, such as chlorine, bromine, etc., is not material and salts and quaternary compounds are desired, no base is added.

The following examples are presented to illustrate the alkylation of the branched polyamines.

Example S-K One mole of each of the following: tetradecylchloride, Polyamine N-400, and sodium bicarbonate are placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer and a condenser reflux take-oil for removal of water from the reaction as it is evolved in an azeotropic mixture of water and a hydrocarbon solvent. The reflux take-off is filled with xylene. The stirred reactants are heated to about C. whereupon an exothermic reaction causes the temperature to rise to about C. The reaction temperature is then increased to C. and held there for two hours. Then, xylene is added to the reaction vessel in an amount sufficient to cause a xylene reflux to take place at a temperature of ISO- C. The reaction is continued for six hours or until the theoretical amount of water is removed. Thereupon, an equal volume of xylene is added to the reaction mixture and the resultant solution is filtered. This filtrate is then evaporated under reduced pressure to yield a dark amber oil. No halogen was present in this product as evidenced by a negative Beilstein copper wire test.

Example 5K X The above reaction is repeated except that no sodium bicarbonate is employed in the reaction. The reaction product contained chlorine.

The reactions shown in the following table are carried out in a similar manner. Each reaction in the table is carried out in two ways(l) in the presence of base as in 5K to yield the halogen-free alkylation product Table VI and (2) in the absence of base to yield halogen con taining products in the manner of 5K X Table VII.

The alkylated products of this invention contain pri- TABLE VI.-Coutiuued mary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amino groups. By controlling the amount of alkylation agent employed E 1k 1 1 RB-ti0,RiD1BS(;[A]1kY[l- 1; hysical and the conditions of reaction, etc., one can control the A $53 12f g gg type and amount of alkylation. For example, by reaction Derivatives less than the stoichiometric amount of alkylation agent one could preserve the presence of nitrogen-bonded hydroa-Ki Z-eESyl-hexyl chlo- 3:1 Vificous gen present on the molecule and by exhaustive alkylation r 5:1 in the presence of sufficient basic material, one can form 7:

2;: Semimore highly alkylated compounds. 801% The moles of alkylating agent reacted with the branched 4 K d 3:1 q 1 polyamine will depend on the number of alkylation reac- 5, K:::::::: "ff e 'g ffifflai 53 tive posltions contained therein as well as the number of H: d s s i i id. moles of alkylating agent one wishes to incorporate into 5 K::::::: jjjjzdgjjjjjjjjjjjm: 3;} the molecule. Theoretically every hydrogen bonded to a -K: Octadecyi chloride-n l nitrogen atom can be alkylated. We have advantageously 6K2 3:1 reacted l-10 moles of alkylating agent per moles of Polyg? 1 udo n c u 4:1 v1 0. amine N400, but preferably 1-6 moles. With Polyamine l ma N800 and N-1200, twice and three times as many moles 7-K: -do 5:1 oliii.

7-K; do 3:1 D0. of alkylating agent can be employed respectively, 1.e., with Any] chmflde mus Polyamine N-800, 1-20 moles, preferably 1-12; with 84: d 15 Polyamine 1 -1200, 1-30 but prefqrably Qptimum a- :::::d8:::::::::::::::: zi D3: alkylation w1ll depend on the part1cular application. Dodecenrlchioridev d(] 3:1 Semi- In addition, the alkyl ha11de may contain functional 50nd, groups. For example, chloroacetic acid can be reacted u dou un u n. 5:1 S go. with the branched polyamines to yield a compound coni id rfi 0 0 0 taining carboxylic acid groups "mgo H 30.

wherein P is the residue of the polyamine. :::gg::::::::

In addition, the branched polyamine can be alkylated l,4- xylylene dichlo- 1:2 Do. with an alkyl halide such as alkyl chloride and then reacted with chloroacetic acid to yield an alkylated polyd0 5:1 30. amine containing carboxylic acid groups 2:

The symbol employed to designate an alkylated polyt i fi fiii fig amine is K. Where the product is a salt or a quaternary Ethylene dichloride" product the symbol 1s KX. 5-0|AK 1,4 dichlorohutene-2 4:1 Do.

TABLE VI ALKYLATED PRODUCTS 40 1-A4QzK Dodecyl ehloride. 3:1 Sehrnmii-d 7-110 K -A lb 1d Vis Ratio, Moles oiAlkyi- Physical n my mm 8 1 113 153. Ex. Alkyiating stin t/ e 0 P op 4O1HK 1,4-xylylene dichlo- 3:1 Do.

Agent Polyamine 400 or ties ride,

Derivatives 6O|HK .1 Methyl chloride 6:1 Liquid. 7A1O|HK. Dichlorodiethyiether. 4:1 Viscous liquid. 1"K1 Butyl chloride g 11A101HK do 4:1 Do.

qu 3:1 Do. 5:] D0. 2;} E3: The following table presents specific illustration of com- 611 pounds other than N-400 and its derivatives.

TABLE VIA.ALKYLATED PRODUCTS Ratio, Mols 0t Branched Alkylating Agent Per Physical Example Polyamine Alkylating Agent Moi oi Branched Proploiyamine or erties Derivatives Benzyl chloride 2:1 Viscous liquid do 3:1 Do. -vdo 5:1 Do.

Dicluorodiethylether 1: 1 Semisolid. .do .e 3:1 Do. Allyl chloride 1 1 Viscous liquid. do 2:1 Do. do 3:1 Do. Butyl chloride 1:1 Do do 3:1 Do. do 5:1 Do. Methyl chloride 6:1 Dd n-Amyl bromide 3:1 Do. Dodecenyl eh1oride 1:1 D0. Dimethyl sulfate 2:1 Do. Dichlorodiethyiether 1 1 Do. Ally] chloride 2:1 D0. Octadecyl chloride 3:1 Do. n-Amyl bromide 1:1 Do. Benzyl chloride 2:1 Do. Dichioropentane 1:1 D0. 254110112111. Methyl chloride 1 1 D0.

TABLE VlL-SALT AND QUATERNARY PRODUCTS OF ALKYLATED N-4U0 AND DERIVATIVES Ratio, Moles 01 Physical Ex. Alkylating Agent Alkylating Agent] of Prop- Polyarnine N400 erties or derivative Butyl chloride. 1: 1 Viscous liquid do 3:1 Do. :1 Do. 2:1 1 0. 4:1 D0. 6:1 D0. 3:1

4:1 do 6:1 Dodeccnyl chloride 1:1

do 3:1 Solid. do 5:1 Do. Dodecylbenzyl 2: 1 Do.

chloride. do 4:1 Do. .do 5:1 Do. 1,4-dichlorobutene-2. 1:2 Viscous liquid. -do 2:1 Do. .-do 3:1 110. 1,4xylylone dichlo- 1:2 Do

ride. do 3:1 Do. d0..- 5:1 Do. Dichlorodicthyl- 1 :1 Do.

ether.

3:1 Semisolid. 5:1 Solid.

Benzylchloride 8:1 D0. Methyl chloride 6:1 Liquid. Dimethylsullatc 4:1 Viscous liquid Ethylene dichloride. 2:1 D0. 1,4-dichlorobutene-2. 4:1 Do. 1-A:O KX. Dodecylchloride 3:1 Semlil-d so 7AiO1KX- n-Aniylbromide 4:1 Viscous liquid. 4-O HKX 1,4- :(r1yly1ene dlchlo- 3:1 Do.

n e. 6-O,l-IKX l\icthylchloride- 6:1 Do. 7-A1OnHKX Dichlorodiothyl- 1:1 Semiether. solid. 11-A1O111KX. --.do 4:1 Do.

The following table presents specific illustration 01 compounds other than N-400 and its derivatives.

TABLE VII-A.-SALT AND QUATE RNARY PRODUCTS 0F #{egggLATED BRANCHED POLYAMINE AND DERIVA- Ratio of Alkylating Physical Example Alkylating Agent Agent/o1 Polyalniue Properor Derivative ties Ethylene dichloride. 2:] Solid. n-Amyl bromide 3:1 D0. Dichlorodiethyl- 4: 1 Do.

other. Dimethyl suliato 3:1 Do. Methyl chloride"... 2:1 Do. Larylene diclilo- 5:1 Do.

ride. Dodecylbenzy] 8 :1 Semichloridc. solid. 1,4-dichl0robutone-2 3: 1 Do. Benzyl chloritle 4:1 Do. Methyl chloride 3:1 Do. Ethylene dichloride. 2: 1 Do. Dodecyl chloride--. 1:1 Do. Dichlorodicthyl- 1:1 Solid.

ether. Bcnzyl chloride- 3:1 Do. do 2:1 Do. .do 1:1 Do. Methyl chloride 5:1 Do. ..do 4:1 Do. 11-0zAKX- do 3:1 D0. 1B-OAKX. Dichlorodiethyl- 3:1 Do.

ether. 14-0gI-IKX.... 2:1 Do. 25-Ai0rIlKX- 1:1 1J0.

ALKYLATED THEN ACYLATION The alkylated matcrial prepared above can be further treated with acylating agent where residual acylatable amino groups are still present on the molecule. The acylation procedure is essentially that described above wherein carboxylic acids react with the alkylated polyamine under dehydrating conditions to form amides and cyclic amidines. The product depends on the ratio of moles of water removed for each carboxylic acid group, i.e., 1 mole water/ 1 mole carboxylic essentially amides; more than 1 mole water/1 mole carboxylic acid group, essentially cyclic amidines, such as imidazolines.

Such compounds are illustrated in the following table. The symbol employed to designated alkylated acylated products is KA" and acylated, alkylated, acylated prod ucts is AKA.

TABLE VIIL-ACYLATED, PRIOR ALKYLATEI) BBANCHED The following table presents specific illustration of compounds other than N-400 and its derivatives.

free, to eliminate undesirable side reactions. At room temperature, slowly add 53 grams of acrylonitrile (1 mol).

TABLE VIIIA.ACYLATET), PRIOR ALKYLATED BRANCHED IOLYAMINE Mols of Acylating Wt. ol' Mols of Physical Example Acylating Agent Agent/Mel of Acylating Water Proper- Polyarnine or Agent Removed ties Derivative Used Laurie. 1 200 l. 1 Solid. Ricinoleic 3 894 3.0 Do. Oleic 2 564 3. Do. Palrnlttc 2 512 2. 0 Do. Stearie 1 568 1. 0 Do. 01m..- 1 282 1. 0 Do. Linoleic 2 560 2. 0 Do. Acetic" 1 60 1.5 Do. Diglyco 1 134 1. 0 Do. Maleicanhydride 2 196 Do. A|O1l-IKA Oleic 1 232 1.5 Do.

OLEFINATION The reaction proceeds smoothly without the aid of a 20 a i catalyst. Warm gently to 80-100 C. and Slll' for one (olefination relates to the reaction of the polyamme and hour derivatives with olefins) Example b The;l SOIDIIMJSIUCHS of1fth1s inilentlon, includingd the To 800 grams of N 400 (2 mols) in 800 grams of g f Po ye Wel as reactlon 3 F 3{1 lene, add 124 grams of divinyl sulfone (1 mole) at room t ere) cogtammg actwe by f can be reacts f temperature. This reaction is exothermic and care must .unsamliate compounds Panic arly compounds fi be taken to prevent an excessive rise in temperature which mg activated double so as to the Polyamme would cause cross-linking and insolubilization. across the double bonds as illustrated herein:

0 0 3.3 Example 3-O U II it PNtI-t- CIh=ClICOR PNCH2CH2COR Same reactions as Example I-U except that 1 mol of methyl acrylate is substituted for acrylonitrile and 3-0 Where the compound contains an additional active hydtois substituted for the N 400. Part of this product is g f other unsaturated molecules can be added to the 4" thereupon saponified with sodium hydroxide to form the original molecule for example: f t amino acid Salt.

I? Further examples of the reaction are summarized in PN=(CHT CMCOR), the following table:

Where one or more active hydrogcns are present at another reactive site, the following reaction could take place:

0 o (l R0 cHcH,NP(N-cmCH OR).-

The reaction is carried out in the conventional manner TABLE IXPOLEFINATION such as illustrated, for example, 1n Synthetic Organic Chemistry," Wagner and Zook (Wiley, 1953), page 673.

Non-limitin exam les of unsaturated com ounds Mmesomlefill g P P Compound Olefin Mole of Pol amine Time Tempera- WhlCll can be reacted with the polyamine and derivatives N-400 or Po yamine 0, thereof including the fol1owingacrylonitrile, acrylic and N400 Deflmme methacrylic acids and esters, crotonic acid and esters, cin- 1 U A r it n namic acid and esters, styrene, styrene derivatives and re- 1:: g tg g g 125:: Ki$ lated compounds, butadiene, vinyl ethers, vinyl ketones, a f sg te. 3/1 lb 80400 2 a X male1c esters, vinyl sulfone s, etc. (m 341 Ethyl cmna, 1/1 2 mm m In addmon, the polyamine and derivative thereof conut m m 2! taining active hydrogens can be used to prepare telomers Di-ol etylmulle- 1 1 2 xiii: i% of polymer prepared from vinyl monomers. ate.

The following are examples of olefination. The sym- 3321:: bol employed to designate olefination is U and alkylag [me ?0hmin so tion, olefination KU. M518 6. L-- 120 9-U Dlvinyl sulfone. 1/2 30 min. 90 Example I-U 4-A=Ui..- Methyl] rtneth- 1 1 1 hr 100 gory a e.

The olefination reaction is carried out in the usual glass ifiig: Egg'fglgglflifi: Ffiff: 2g

resin apparatus. Since the reaction is that of a double 1 tU-.- Methylacryla 1/1 1 mm. on

, 3-0lU --do 1/1 1th.--.

bond with an actlve hydrogen, no water is eliminated. 1/1 Hun" 90 The reaction is relatively simple, as shown by the followt 8 r l' mg example: I D 1/1 1 hr 90 Charge 400 grams of N-400 (1 mol) mto glass resin 1/: 1 hr 90 apparatus. Care should be taken that the N400 is water- TABLE lX-A.OLEFINATION Schifls base is present on the branched amino group rather than on the terminal amino group, etc.

Mole o! Olefin/M01 Branched of Branched Poly- Temp, Example Polyanilne Olefin amine or Branched Time C.

lolyamine Derivative Acrylonitrile 1:1 I lit, 80 100 Styrene 1:1 1 hr 80-100 Divinyl sultone 1:1 1hr 8()1fi0 Di-oetylmaluate... 1:1 1 l1r 125 Acrylonitrile 2:1 30 min. 8(]-1Ul) h lethylacrylatenn 1:1 30 min 80-100 Ethyl erotonate 2: 1 30 min 120 Divinyl sulfone. 2:1 30 min 121) Ethyl cinnarnate 1:1 2 !u's 12D Di-octyl malcatc, 1 :1 2 hrs 12f) Methyl meth- 1:1 1 hr 100 acrylate. Styrene 2:1 1 ]ll" 100 Acrylonitrile 2:1 1 hr. H Ethyl cinnm'nate 1:1 111] Ethyl cr0tonate 1:1 11.11 Divinylsul[ono 2:1 an Lauryl rneth- 3:1 130 acrylate. Acrylonitrile 1 :1 Q0 Divinyl sullone. 1:1 Styrene 4:1 59!) d0 2:1 90 25A1OglIKU d0 1:1 fill) CARBONYLATION A wide variety of aldehyde may be employed such as (Carbonylarion relates to the reaction of the branched polyamine and derivatives with aldehydes and ketones) HO OH Lesser molar ratios of aldehyde to polyamine would yield monoor di- Schiffs base rather than a tri Schiifs base such as l NH:

and other isomeric configurations, such as where the aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, etc., including substituted derivatives such as those containing aryloxy, halogen, heterocyclic, amino, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, etc. groups thereof. Non-limiting examples are the following:

A ldehydes Benzaldehyde Z-methylbenzaldehyde 3-methylbenzaldehyde 4-methylbenzaldehyde Z-methoxybenzaldehyde 4methoxybenzaldehyde a-Naphthaldehyde b-Naphthaldehyde 4-phenylbenzaldehyde Propionaldehyde n-Butyraldehyde Heptaldehyde Aldol Z-hydroxybenzaldehyde 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde 2-hydroxy-3 -methoxybenzaldehyde 2-4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 2-6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Z-hydroxynaphthaldehyde-1 1-hydroXynaphthaldehyde-2 Anth rol-2-aldehyde-l Z-hydroxyfiuorene-aldehyde-1 4-hydroxydiphenyl-aldehyde-3 3-hydroxyphenanthrene-aldehyde-4 1-3-dihydr0xy-2-4-dialdehydebenzene 2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzaldehyde 2-hydroxy-3 S-dibromobenzaldehyde 2-hydroxy-3-ni trobenzaldehyde 2-hyd roxy-3-cyanobenzaldehyde 2-hydroxy-3 -carboxybenzaldehyde 4-hydroxypyridine-aldehyde-3 4-hydroxyquinoline-aldehyde-S 7-hydroxyquinoline-aldehyde-S Formaldehyde G lyoxal Glyceraldehyde Schitfs bases are prepared with the polyamines of this invention in a conventional manner such as described in Synthetic Organic Chemistry" by Wagner and look (1953, Wiley), pages 728-9.

Where more extreme conditions are employed, the products may be more complex wherein the carbonyl reactant instead of reacting intramolecularly in the case of Schitfs base may react intermolecularly so as to act as a bridging means between two or more polyamine compounds, thus increasing the molecular weight of the polyamine as schematically shown below in the case where formaldehyde is the carbonyl compound:

Charge 400 grams of N400 and 400 grams of xylene into a conventional glass resin apparatus fitted with a stirrer, thermometer and side-arm trap. Raise temperature to 120 C. and slowly add 122 grams of salicylaldehyde (1 mol). Hold at this temperature for 2 hours. Vacuum is then applied until all xylene is stripped off. The reaction mass is a thick dark liquid which is soluble in water.

Example 6-C Using the same apparatus as above, charge 400 grams of N400. While stirring, add slowly at room temperature 82 grams of 37% aqueous formaldehyde (1 mol of HCHO). This reaction is exothermic and the temperature must be controlled with an ice bath. After the exothermic reaction has ceased, raise temperature to 100 C. The reaction mass may be stopped at this point. It is a viscous water-soluble material. However, it is possible to continue heating under vacuum until all of the water has been eliminated. Cross-linking occurs with this procedure and care must be taken to prevent insolubilization.

Further examples of this reaction are summarized in the following table:

TABLE X.-CARBONYLATION Compound Aldehyde M01. Temp, Time Ratio O.

l-Ci Salicylaldehyde 1/1 121] 2 hrs 1C1 do 2/1 120 2 hrs l-Csd 3/1 120 2 hrs 2(] 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy- 1 /l 130 4 hrs benzaldehyde.

2-C a. d 2/1 130 4 hrs 2-0;." 3/1 130 4 hrs 2-C4 5/1 130 4 hrs 3-C1. l/l 110 1 hr. 13-01. 2/1 110 1 hr. 3-Ca- 3/1 110 1 hr. 4-0" 3/1 90 2 hrs 5-0.. Heptaldehyde 3/1 130 5 hrs Formaldehyde 3/1 2 hrs 2/1 135 3 hrs 1/1 120 2 hrs l/l 120 2 hrS 1/1 120 2 hrs 2/1 120 2 hrs 1 Start 25 0.. raise to 100 C.

The following table presents specific illustration of compounds other than N-400 and its derivatives.

TABLE XA.CARBONYLATION Compound Branched Aldehyde M01. Temp. Time Polyarnine Ratio C.

N800 Formaldehyde" 2:1 lliour d 1:1 80 Do. 0.5:1 80 Do. 2:1 101) D0. 1:1 Do. do 0. 5:1 100 Do. Sallcylaldehyde. 3:1 Do. do 2:1 120 Do. .do 1:1 120 Do. Benzaldehyde 3:1 110 Do. d0 2:1 110 Do. do 1:1 110 Do. GlyoxaL- 1:1 105 Do. do 1). 5:1 105 D0. (10 0.25:1 105 D0. Glycera1dehyde 1 :1 131) 2 hours lllU-.|C do 0. 5:1 Do n ulo Furturaltle- 1:1 81) lhour hyde. 12-O;HUC do 0.5:1 80 Do.

The examples presented above are non-limiting examples. It should be clearly understood that various other combinations, order of reactions, reaction ratios, multiplicity of additions, etc. can be employed. Where addi' tional reactive groups are still present on the molecule, the reaction can be repeated with either the original reactant or another reactant.

The type of compound prepared is evident from the letters assigned to the examples. Thus, taking the branched polyamine as the starting material, the following example designations have the following meaning:

Example designation: Meaning (1) A Acylated. (2) A0 Acylated, then oxyalkylated. (3) AOA Acylated, then oxyalkylated,

then acrylated. (4) AOH Acylated, then oxyalkylated,

then heat treated. (5) AX Salt or quaternary of (l). (6) AOX Salt or quaternary of (2). (7) AOAX Salt or quaternary of (3). (8) AOHX Salt or quaternary of (4). (9) O Oxyalkylated. (10) 0A Oxyalkylated, then acylated. (11) OH Oxyalkylated, then heat treated. (12) K Alkylated. (13) XX Salt or quaternary of (12). (14) KA Alkylated, then acylated. (15) AK Acylated, then alkylated. (16) AKX Salt or quaternary of (15). (17) OK Oxyalkylated, then alkylated. (18) OKX Salt or quaternary of (17). (19) C Carbonylated. (20) AC Acylated, then carbonylated. (21) KC Alkylated, then carbonylated. (22) CO Carbonylated, then oxyalkylated. (23) U Olefinated. (24) AU Acylated, then olefinated. (25) KU Alkylated, then olefinated. (26) KUX Salt or quaternary of (25).

CORROSION INHIBITORS This phase of our invention relates to the use of our compositions in preventing the corrosion of metals and particularly iron, steel and ferrous alloys. These compositions can be used in a Wide variety of applications and systems where iron, steel and ferrous alloys are affected by corrosion. They may be employed for inhibiting corrosion in processes which require thin protective or passivating coatings as by dissolution in the medium which comes in contact with the metal. They can be used in preventing atmospheric corrosion, underwater corrosion, corrosion in closed systems, corrosion in steam and hot water systems, corrosion in chemical industries, underground corrosion, etc.

These corrosion inhibitors find special utility in the prevention of corrosion of. pipe or equipment which is in contact with a corrosive oil-containing medium, as, for example, in oil wells producing corrosive oil or oil-brine mixtures, in refineries, and the like. They appear to possess properties which impart to metals resistance to attack by a variety of corrosive agents, such as brines, weak inorganic acids, organic acids, CO H 5, etc.

The method of carrying out our process is relatively simple in principle. The corrosion preventive reagent is dissolved in the liquid corrosive medium in small amounts and is thus kept in contact with the metal surface to be protected. Alternatively, the corrosion inhibitor may be applied first to the metal surface, either as is, or as a solution in some carrier liquid or paste. Continuous application, as in the corrosive solution, is the preferred method, however.

The present process finds particular utility in the protection of metal equipment of oil and gas wells, especially those containing or producing an acidic constituent such as H 8, CO organic acids and the like. For the protection of such wells, the reagent, either undiluted or dissolved in a suitable solvent, is fed down the annulus of the well between the casing and producing tubing where it becomes commingled with the fluid in the well and is pumped or flowed from the well with these fluids, thus contacting the inner wall of the casing, the outer and inner wall of tubing, and the inner surface of all well-head fittings, connections and flow lines handling the corrosive fluid.

Where the inhibitor composition is a liquid, it is conveniently fed into the well annulus by means of a motor driven chemical injector pump, or it may be dumped periodically (e.g., once every day or two) into the annulus by means of a so-called "boll weevil" device or similar arrangement. Where the inhibitor is fabricated in solid form (as hereinafter described), it may be dropped into the well as a solid lump or stick, or it may be washed in with a small stream of the well fluids or other liquid. Where there is gas pressure on the casing, it is necessary, of course, to employ any of these treating methods through a pressure equalizing chamber equipped to allow introduction of reagent into the chamber, equalization of pressure between chamber and casing. and travel of reagent from chamber to well casing.

Occasionally, oil and gas wells are completed in such a manner that there is no opening between the annulus and the bottom of the tubing or pump. The results, for example, when the tubing is surrounding at some point by a packing held by the casing or earth formation below the casing. In such wells the reagent may be introduccd into the tubing through a pressure equalizing vessel, after stopping the flow of fluids. After being so treated, the well should be left closed in for a period of time sufiicient to permit the reagent to drop to the bottom of the well.

For injection into the well annulus, the corrosion inhibitor is usually employed as a solution in a suitable solvent, such as mineral oil, methylethyl ketone, xylene, kerosene, or even water. The selection of solvent will depend much upon the exact reagent being used and its solubility characteristics. It is also generally desirable to employ a solvent which will yield a solution of low freezing point, so as to obviate the necessity of heating the solution and injection equipment during winter use.

For treating wells with packed-off tubing, the use of solid weighted or unweighted sticks or plugs of inhibitor is especially convenient. These may be prepared by blending the inhibitor with a mineral wax, asphalt or resin in a proportion suflicient to give a moderately hard and high-melting solid which can be handled and fed into the well conveniently. Methods of preparing and using these types of sticks are described in US. Patents 2,559,334 and 2,559,385.

The amount of corrosion preventive agent required in our process varies with the corrosiveness of the system,

but where a continuous or semi-continuous treating prt :cdure is carried out as described above, the addition. of reagent in the proportion of from 5 parts to 1,000 parts per million or more parts of corrosive fluid, but preferably from to 100 ppm, will generally provide protection.

The protective action of the herein described reagents appears to be maintained for an appreciable time after treatment ceases, but eventually is lost unless another application is made.

For the protection of gas wells and gas-condensate wells, the amount of corrosion inhibitor required will usually be within the range of one-half to 3 lbs. or more per million cubic feet of gas produced, depending upon the amount and type or corrosive agent in the gas and the amount of liquid hydrocarbon and water produced. However, in no case does the amount of inhibitor required appear to be stoichiometricnlly related to the amount of acids produced by a well. since protection is obtained with much less of the compounds than usually would be required for neutralization of the acids produced.

The compounds of this invention can also be employed in conjunction with other corrosive inhibitors, for example, those disclosed in Reissue 22,963, etc.

The following examples are presented to illustrate the superiority of the instant compounds as corrosive inhibitors.

EXAMPLES Stirring test These tests are run on synthetic fluids. The procedure involves the comparison of the amount of iron in solution after a predetermined interval of time of contact of a standardized iron surface with a two-phase corrosive medium with similar determinations in systems containing inhibitors.

Six hundred ml. beakers equipped with stirrers and heaters are charged with 400 ml. of 10% sodium chloride containing 500 p.p.m. acetic acid and 100 ml. of mineral spirits. The liquids are brought to temperature and a l x 1 inch sand blasted coupon is suspended by means of a glass hook approximately midway into the liquid phase of the beaker. The stirrer is adjusted to agitate the liquids at such a rate as to provide good mixing of the two layers.

After minutes samples of the aqueous phase are taken and the iron content of each sample is determined by measuring the color formed by the addition of hydrochloric acid and potassium thiocyanate in a photoelectric colorimeter.

The protection afforded by an inhibitor is measured by comparison of the amount of light absorbed by inhibited and uninhibited samples run simultaneously. Percent protection can be determined by the following formula:

where A is the percent light absorbed by an uninhibited sample and A is the same value for inhibited sample.

When tested according to the above procedure, the following compounds employed in -100 ppm. give protection.

CORROSION INHIBITORS X percent protection USE IN SLUSHING OILS These corrosion inhibitors also find special utility in the prevention of corrosion or rusting of metals when applied thereto in the form of a coating, for example, as slushing oils.

In the shipping and storage of metal articles, particularly ferrous metal articles having machined surfaces, it is highly desirable to protect such articles from the corrosion and rusting which normally occur when metal surfaces are exposed to the atmosphere for any length of time. While such protection should remain effective over long periods of time under very adverse conditions of humidity, it should likewise be of such nature that it can readily be removed when it is desired to place the metal article into use. Among the various means employed for providing such protection against corrosion, that of applying a film or coating of a corrosion inhibiting liquid composition to the metal surface has enjoyed widest use by reason of its economy and adaptability to all sorts of metal articles ranging from simple pieces to complicated machine assemblies. Such liquid corrosion preventive compositions often comprise a mineral or other non-drying oil base having a corrosion preventive material dispersed or dissolved therein, and are hence usually referred to generically as slushing oils even though in some instances they may not actually contain an oil.

The slushing oils heretofore employed, however, have been subject to numerous disadvantages. In some instances they have been too expensive for widespread general use whereas in others they are too difiicult to remove from surfaces to which they have been applied. Many of them have not proved effective over sufficiently long periods of time, or have not provided the desired degree of protection against corrosion under extreme climatic conditions such as those encountered in the tropics or at sea.

The compositions of this invention are capable of use in inhibiting or preventing the corrosion or rusting of metal surfaces over long periods of time and under adverse climatic conditions. They can readily be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable liquid vehicle to form inexpensive and highly effective slushing oil compositions.

While the above-described products can be employed per se in inhibiting or preventing the corrosion or rusting of metals, by reason of their high viscosity they are more readily applied to metal surfaces in the form of a solution or dispersion in a liquid vehicle. For example, they are dissolved in a heavy organic solvent where one does not desire it to evaporate, or in a relatively light organic solvent, such as hexane, benzene, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, or a light naphtha, etc., to form slushing oil compositions of a viscosity suitable for application to metal surfaces by dipping, brushing, or spraying procedures. The heavy solvent will remain with the compositions of this invention, but the light solvent will evaporate leaving a thin protective coating of the corrosion inhibiting products on the metal surface. When it is desired to use the metal article thus protected, the corrosion preventive coating may readily be removed by washing with a suitable solvent. Gasoline is an excellent solvent for this purpose since it is cheap and universally available. The light petroleum distillate known as Stoddard solvent has been found particularly suitable for use as the solvent in preparing liquid protective coating compositions comprising the new corrosion preventives, and may also be used in the subsequent removal of the protective coating.

In addition to being employed per se or in the form of the above-described liquid coating compositions, the corrosion preventive reaction products of the present invention may advantageously be employed in conjunction with other corrosion inhibitors.

The amount of active compound in the solvent will depend upon the nature of the solvent itself as well as the thickness of the coating desired on the metal surface, for example, from 0.5 to by weight based on the weight of the solvent, but preferably 1-25%. Where the solvent is not appreciably volatile lesser amounts can be employed for example, 0.540%, but preferably l-5%. Where the solvent is volatile more of the active compound is employed, for example, 5l00%, but preferably 2575%.

Among the solvents which can be used are normally liquid petroleum hydrocarbons, such as normal hexane, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane, 2,2,5,3-tetramethylbutane, 2,5- dimethylhexane, normal octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, ethyl cyclohexane, isopropylcyclohexane, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene, cumene, petroleum naphtha, mineral spirits which are distillates obtained from petroleum having a boiling range of between about 2l6 C. and a flash point of 100 C., kerosene, Stoddard solvent, mineral seal oil, gas oil, gasoline, other light petroleum distillates, turpentine, petrolatum halo-genated hydrocarbons such as ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, propyl chloride, butyl chloride, chlorinated kerosene, alcohols such as methyl ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, methyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, decyl, laury], myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, benzyl, etc., alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, such as glycols, glycerols, etc., esters of monohydric alcohols, etc.

The following examples are presented to illustrate our present invention.

EXAMPLES Test pieces of iron plaques are coated with a composition containing 0.1% by weight of the composition shown in the following table in mineral oil.

Uncoated iron plaques are used as controls. The iron plaques are kept at a temperature of about 90 C. in a humidity box.

In contrast to the control on which intensive rust occurred, little if any rusting is observed on the coated plaques.

SLUSHING COMPOUNDS 1. A branched process for preventing the corrosion of ferrous metals in contact with a corrosive system characterized by subjecting the exposed surfaces of said ferrous metals to the action of an amount of a compound varying directly with the corrosiveness of said corrosive system, said compound being a compound selected from the group consisting of (1) an acylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the formula III NIIr-(R-N ll wherein R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms, x is an integer of 4 to 24, y is an integer of l to 6, and z is an integer of 0-6, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 120 C. to about 300 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with a compound selected from the group consisting of (i) a carboxylic acid having 7-39 carbon atoms and (ii) a precursor of said carboxylic acid capable of forming said acid in said reaction, (2) an oxyalkylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the formula i NIi1(R-N) R -RNII:

H: y wherein R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms, at is an integer of 4 to 24,

y is an integer of 1 to 6, and

z is an integer of 0-6, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about C. to about 200 C. and a pressure of from about 10 psi. to about 200 p.s.i., said polyalkylenepolyarnine with an alkylene oxide having at least 2 carbon atoms,

(3) an alkylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the formula wherein R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms,

at is an integer of 4 to 24,

y is an integer of 1 to 6, and

z is an integer of 0-6, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about C. to about 250 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with a hydrocarbon halide alkylating agent having 1 to 30 carbon atoms,

(4) an olefinated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the RNH:

wherein R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms,

1: is an integer of 4 to 24,

y is an integer of 1 to 6, and

z is an integer of 0-6, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 70 C. to about 100 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with an olefinating agent selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile, styrene, butadiene, vinyl ethers and vinyl sulfones,

(5) a Schitf base reaction product of a branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the formula wherein R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms,

x is an integer of 4 to 24,

y is an integer of 1 to 6, and

z is an integer of 0-6, formed by reacting said polyalkylenepolyamine with a compound selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and ketones,

(6) an acylated, then oxyalkylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 125 C. to about 300 C., said polyalkylenepolyarnine with an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of (i) a carboxylic acid having 7-39 carbon atoms and (ii) a precursor of said carboxylic acid capable of forming said acid in said reaction, and then reacting said acylated polyalkylenepolyamine, at a temperature of from about 80 C. to about 200 C. and a pressure of from about psi. to about 200 p.s.i., with an alkylene oxide having at least 2 carbon atoms,

(7) an oxyalkylated, then acylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 80 C. to about 200 C. and a pressure of from about 10 p.s.i. to about 200 p.s.i., said polyalkylenepolyamine with an alkylene oxide having at least 2 carbon atoms and then reacting said oxyalkylated polyalkylenepolyamine, at a temperature of from about 120 C. to about 300 C., with an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of (i) a carboxylic acid having 7-39 carbon atoms and (ii) a precursor of said carboxylic acid capable of forming said acid in said reaction,

(8) an alkylated, then acylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 100 C. to about 250 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with a hydrocarbon halide alkylating agent having 1-30 carbon atoms, and then reacting said alkylated polyalkylenepolyamine, at a temperature of from about 120 C. to about 300 C., with an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of (i) a carboxylic acid having 7-39 carbon atoms and (ii) a precursor of said carboxylic acid capable of forming said acid in said reaction,

(9) an acylated, then alkylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting at a temperature of from about 120 C. to about 300 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of (i) a carboxylic acid having 7-39 carbon atoms and (ii) a precursor of said carboxylic acid capable of forming said acid in said reaction, and then reacting said acylated polyalkylenepolyamine, at a temperature of from about 100 C. to about 250 C., with a hydrocarbon halide alkylating agent having 1-30 carbon atoms,

(10) an oxyalkylated, then alkylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 80 C. to about 200 C. and a pressure of from about 10 psi. to about 200 p.s.i., said polyalkylenepolyamine with an alkylene oxide having at least 2 carbon atoms, and then reacting said oxyalkylated polyalkylenepolyamine, at a temperature of from about 100 C. to about 250 C., with a hydrocarbon halide alkylating agent having 1-30 carbon atoms,

(11) a Schitf base reaction product of an acylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 120 C. to about 300 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of (i a carboxylic acid having 7-39 carbon atoms and (ii) a precursor of said carboxylic acid capable of forming said acid in said reaction, and then reacting said acylated polyalkylenepolyarnine with a compound selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and ketones,

(12) a Schitf base reaction product of an alkylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 100 C. to about 250 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with a hydrocarbon halide alkylating agent having l-30 carbon atoms, and then reacting said alkylated polyalkylenepolyamine with a compound selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and ketones,

(13) an oxyalkylated Schilf base reaction product of a branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting said polyalkylenepolyamine with a compound selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and ketones to form said Schiff base reaction product and then reacting said Schitf base reaction product, at a temperature of from about 80 C. to about 200 C. and a pressure of from about 10 p.s.i., to about 200 p.s.i., with an alkylene oxide having at least 2 carbon atoms,

(14) an acylated, then olefinated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 120 C. to about 300 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of (i) a carboxylic acid having 7-39 carbon atoms and (ii) a precursor of said carboxylic acid capable of forming said acid in said reaction, and then reacting said acylated polyalkylenepolyamine, at a temperature of from about C. to about 100 C., with an olefinating agent selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile, styrene, butadiene, vinyl ethers and vinyl sulfones, and

(15) an alkylated, then olefinated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the hereinabove recited formula, formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 100 C. to about 250 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with a hydrocarbon halide alkylating agent having from 1-30 carbon atoms, and then reacting said alkylated polyalkylenepolyamine, at a temperature of from about 70 C. to about 100 C., with an olefinating agent selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile, styrene, butadiene, vinyl ethers and vinyl sulfones.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein the compound is an acylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the formula R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms,

x is an integer of4 to 24,

y is an integer of 1 to 6, and z is an integer of -6,

wherein R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms, x is an integer of 4 to 24,

y is an integer of 1 to 6, and

z is an integer of 0-6,

formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 80 C. to about 200 C. and a pressure of from about psi to about 200 p.s.i., said polyalkylenepolyamine with an alkylene oxide having at least two carbon atoms.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein the compound is an alkylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the formula NI]: Y

wherein formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about 100 C. to about 250 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with a hydrocarbon halide alkylating agent having 1 to carbon atoms.

5. The process of claim 1 wherein the compound is an olefinated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the formula NH: y

wherein R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms, at is an integer of 4 to 24,

y is an integer of l to 6, and

z is an integer of 0-6,

formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about C. to about C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with an olefinating agent selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile, styrene, butadiene, vinyl ethers and vinyl sulfones.

6. The process of claim 1 wherein the compound is a Schiff base reaction product of a branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the formula II NH. (R l)rm lRNH,

l NIIa y wherein R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms, x is an integer of 4 to 24,

y is an integer of 1 to 6, and

z is an integer of 0-6,

formed by reacting said polyalkylenepolyamine with a compound selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and ketones.

7. The process of claim 1 wherein the compound is an acylated, then oxyalkylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary ammo group and having the formula II Nrrr-(rt-t r) RlI-- -RNII it l illz y wherein R is an alkylene group having at least two carbon atoms, x is an integer of 4 to 24,

y is an integer of 1 to 6, and

z is an integer of 0-6.

formed by reacting, at a temperature of from about C. to about 300 C., said polyalkylenepolyamine with an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of (i) a carboxylic acid having 7-39 carbon atoms and (ii) a precursor of said carboxylic acid capable of forming said acid in said reaction, and then reacting said acylated polyalkylenepolyamine, at a temperature of from about 80 C. to about 200 C. and a pressure of from about 10 psi. to about 200 p.s.i., with an alkylene oxide having at least 2 carbon atoms.

8. A branched process for preventing the corrosion of metals to be exposed to a corrosive medium characterized by applying to the exposed surfaces of said metals a coating of a slushing oil containing an amount of a compound sufficient to prevent corrosion of said metals when exposed to said corrosive medium, said compound being a compound selected from the group consisting of (1) an acylated branched polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least three primary amino groups and at least one tertiary amino group and having the formula i [in].

I Nils y RNII:

wherein 

1. A BRANCHED PROCESS FOR PREVENTING THE CORROSION OF FERROUS METALS IN CONTACT WITH A CORROSIVE SYSTEM CHARACTERIZED BY SUBJECTING THE EXPOSED SURFACES O SAID FERROUS METALS TO THE ACTION OF AN AMOUNT OF A COMPOUND VARYING DIRECTLY WITH THE CORROSIVENESS OF SAID CORROSIVE SYSTEM, SAID COMPOUND BEING A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (1) AN ACYLATED BRANCHED POLYALKYLENEPOLYAMINE CONTAINING AT LEAST THREE PRIMARY AMINO GROUPS AND AT LEAST ONE TERTIARY AMINO GROUP AND HAVING THE FORMULA 